One of the options for inflammation of the urinary tract - cystitis - this disease by 80% is considered a female ailment, due to the anatomical characteristics of the female body.
In women, the bladder more often needs to be empty than in men, and is also more susceptible to attack by various microbes, bacteria and viruses that can cause cystitis in women.
Symptoms and treatment of this disease directly depend on a number of factors, the nature of the process, localization, the pathogen of infection and are classified by:
- According to the localization of the inflammatory process in the urinary system - there may be a damage to the mucous, muscle or submucosal layer of the bladder.
- By the nature of the course of the disease - acute or chronic.
- According to morphological changes - catarrhal, cystic, ulcerative, hemorrhagic, granulomatous, tumor -shaped, etc.
- According to the pathogen, it can be bacterial (E. coli, staphylococci, streptococci, ureapaplasma, mycoplasma, gonorrhea, mycobacterium of tuberculosis, etc.), viral, fungal and non -bacterial (allergic, drug, toxic, chemical, radiation), can be caused by protozoan infection (chlamydia).
With cystitis - which doctor to contact?
Cystitis proceeds quite painfully, with rapid urination, burning and sharp pains after emptying, with a constant feeling of overflow of the bladder, low body temperature, sometimes even with an admixture of blood and mucus in the urine.If the woman has the listed symptoms, which doctor to contact?
With cystitis in women, to clarify the diagnosis, first of all, you should contact the urologist, since it is this doctor who is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis, for examination it is necessary to take urine analysis - general analysis, for bacterial sowing by Nechiporenko, conduct an ultrasound of the bladder and Cystoscopia study.
In addition, a gynecologist must be visited, since often cystitis can be caused not only by banal bacteria, but also to be combined with sexually transmitted infections, therefore, examination of the gynecologist and the surrender of a smear for the study of the vaginal microflora are also necessary.With cystitis in women, treatment includes both antibiotics and Uroseptic, sometimes the doctor can be prescribed by the instillation of the bladder, as well as physiotherapy.
Causes of cystitis in women
Most often, the cause of cystitis in women is infectious agents, since the close location of the vagina, the anus, the short and fairly wide urethra is located to the penetration of various pathogenic microorganisms into the bladder along the ascending paths.However, there are other ways to penetrate bacteria into the urinary system:
- The upward path is urethral, that is, from the urethra
- descending path - on the contrary, from the upper urinary tract
- lymphogenous - from other small pelvic organs
- Hematogenic is a rare way to penetrate infection from remote organs.
When a woman has symptoms of cystitis, you should not self -medicate, since the causes of cystitis, pathogens are a large number, and for the correct successful treatment, you should first determine them, clarify their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs and only then to prescribe a comprehensive treatment.
Cystitis in women is very rarely an isolated process, when hygiene, constipation, colds, abuse of sharp products or alcohol, the use of panties - strings, a change in a partner, a rare emptying of the bladder, etc. cause the reproduction of banal pathogenic bacteria.In 80%, these are E. coli, in 15% staphylococcus, 5% of other bacteria, such as a pseudoscan, Klebsiella, Proteus.
- Most often, cystitis occurs against the background of inflammatory processes in the vagina or for diseases of the female genital organs, such as bacterial vaginosis, thrush, diseases are transmitted (gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, ureplasmosis), sometimes cystitis accompanies tuberculosis of the female genital organs.Many hidden infections and tuberculosis for a long time are asymptomatic, imperceptibly, a woman only periodically experiences some discomfort, subfebrile temperature, weakness, does not visit the doctor, and does not apply to diagnostic centers for studying the causes of mild ailments.
- Additional provocative factors in the development of cystitis include pyelonephritis, stones in the bladder, stagnation of urine at diverticula.
- Very often, cystitis occurs in pregnant women, this is explained by a change in microflora and vaginal, and the urological tract, under the influence of endocrine and hemodynamic restructuring in the body in a pregnant woman.
- If a woman has diabetes mellitus, frequent manifestations of allergic reactions, she is subjected to constant toxic effects or conducts treatment of cancer using radiation therapy - these are also risk factors for cystitis.
- Sometimes, after surgical manipulations, operations, endoscopic examination, the mucosa is injured, which contributes to the development of cystitis in women.
- Symptoms of cystitis also occur during menopause, since with menopause atrophic changes in the body and the lack of estrogens are also reflected on the urogenital tract.
In addition to acute cystitis, a lot of women suffer from a chronic inflammatory process against the background of either sluggish infections listed above, or chronic cystitis in women is associated with omission of the uterus and vagina.
Symptoms of cystitis in women
After provocative factors, such as injury, a cold, after unprotected intercourse, an infectious disease, etc., acute cystitis may occur in women, which always begins very sharply, suddenly:
- Dysuria - rapid urination, rubberized in the bladder, burning and pain in the urethra, constant desire to empty the bladder.
- Before urination, a woman usually has to make efforts, pushing.The frequency of the urge is so high that a woman has to visit the toilet every 15 minutes, sometimes there is an involuntary urinary incontinence.
- Nicturia is the predominance of a night desire to empty the bladder.
- The pain usually accompanies the beginning and end of the urination process.Outside the process of emptying, the pain is localized only in the pubic part and perineum.The intensity of pain can be different, from slight discomfort to unbearable, strong sharp attacks.
- Almost always with cystitis in women, urine is muddy, purulent.
- In acute cystitis, the temperature can increase to 38C, respectively, weakness, the deterioration of overall well -being occurs.
- Very often, after the first acute process, relapses of the disease occur if acute cystitis develops again a month after treatment, therefore, this indicates the preservation of the infection.
- In chronic cystitis in a woman, the symptoms and treatment of the disease are identical, it is possible that pain and frequency of urination are not expressed so sharply.During an exacerbation of the chronic process, a clinical picture of acute cystitis is possible, and during the period of remission, neither laboratory nor symptomatic data indicate an inflammatory process.
Treatment of cystitis in women
For the treatment of both acute and chronic cystitis in women, you should seek advice both to a gynecologist and a urologist.Usually in acute cystitis with adequate therapy, the cure occurs literally in a week.
If the infectious nature of the occurrence of cystitis in a woman is confirmed, treatment is mandatory aimed at destroying pathogenic microorganisms with antimicrobials, antibiotics to which the pathogens are sensitive:
- Recently, fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, phosphomicin, nitrofurans, have been widely used in women in women.These drugs for the treatment of cystitis in women have side effects and have a number of contraindications, so their use is possible only as prescribed by a doctor.
- If a specific microflora is found according to analyzes, then treatment includes possible antiviral agents, antifungal or antimicrobial agents.
- With severe pain, antispasmodics or non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
- If there are no allergic reactions to medicinal herbs, then you can use various variants of phyto-one-a lingonberry leaf, field horsetail, UVA URSI.It is best to use herbs not in bags, but the form of gathering, powder - brew and insist them like any ordinary decoction of medicinal herbs.
- A native antiseptic is an effective remedy for cystitis, a fairly one-time administration of this drug.
- There are also a lot of ready -made tablet drugs of plant origin, which are used as auxiliary when subsided with an acute inflammatory process, they should be consumed for a long time, for a more persistent effect.Cranberries also help many,Cranberry fruit drinksWith cystitis or a tablet form of the drug containing cranberry extract.
- In the treatment of cystitis, women should increase the daily amount of fluid drunk, for the speedy elimination of toxins from the body, it is also worth adhering to a lactative-lowering diet.
Cystitis prevention - useful tips for women
- Deflorazione cystitis and Transitory infection of the urinary tract associated with sexual life arises with a frequent change in partners if a man does not observe hygiene and are not used condoms in sexual intercourse.
- Compliance with personal hygiene is the key to the lack of relapse of bacterial cystitis.Use means with a neutral acid-base balance for intimate hygiene.
- Control fullness and timely emptying of the bladder, do not allow prolonged urine stagnation.
- Smoping, especially wet legs in cold weather, provoke exacerbation.
- Drink at least 2 liters of water, freshly squeezed juices or cranberry fruit drinks daily.
- Do not wear a sheep’s panties if you have chronic cystitis, when wearing such linen, the intestinal wand gets very easily at the urethra.And also do not wear too tight clothes, jeans, they disrupt normal blood circulation in the pelvic area.
- Construction also provoke cystitis relapses, try to include dried apricots, prunes, fresh cabbage and other fruits and vegetables in your daily diet.