Cystitis in medical practice is called an inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is common that cystitis is exclusively female disease.But this is not true.Representatives of the stronger sex are also subject to the disease.About how symptoms of cystitis in men are manifested, and how to treat it correctly, and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary system, designed to collect and withdraw urine.In the last process, an important role is played by the walls of the organ that have a muscle base, and thanks to this they are able to stretch.However, the mucous membrane of the bladder is often injured or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to various diseases.The lower part of the bladder is called a neck.The urethra (urethra) comes out of the neck.Two ureters flow into the upper part - channels through which urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis in men
Acute cystitis makes itself felt, first of all, with acute pain during urination, sometimes radiant in the rectum.Particularly much pain manifests itself at the beginning and end of urination.In addition, the symptoms of cystitis include pain in the lower abdomen, on the pubis, independent of urination, but with this process they intensify.The amount of urine emitted can be extremely small (10-15 ml), however, the number of urge to urination can reach several times in an hour.After the urination act, there is a feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.Also, with cystitis, there are often such signs as urinary incontinence, imperative urination.Exacerbation of the disease is often accompanied by an increase in temperature, signs of intoxication of the body (malaise, headache).
Other symptoms of cystitis:
- Change of urine color,
- blood, mucus, pus or protein in the urine,
- The unpleasant smell of urine.
Often, with the disease, reflux urine occurs.This is the name of the process in which the urine enters the ureters, and then to the kidneys, which leads to the disease with pyelonephritis.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis is transformed into a chronic form.Chronic cystitis is characterized, in turn, exacerbations (approximately 2-3 times a year) replacing periods of remission.During remission, the symptoms of the disease practically do not appear.Interstitial cystitis is a severe form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of the disease, exacerbation occurs extremely often, and the patient has constant pain in the groin.
Diagnostics
In the presence of signs, with a high degree of probability indicating cystitis, you should contact a urologist.During the initial examination, the doctor usually examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with palpation in the anus.This allows you to establish or exclude the connection of cystitis in men with other diseases of the male genital organs.Diagnosis is carried out mainly by the general analysis of urine.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes a defining feature may be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial cells, and protozoa.Also done:
- General and biochemical blood test,
- urine analysis by Nechiporenko,
- Sowing urine to identify an infectious agent.
A study for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is carried out if there is a suspicion of a sexually transmitted infection.The Uzi of the bladder is ineffective, as it requires filled bladder, and with a given disease, the patient cannot be filled.Nevertheless, ultrasound of the kidneys and prostate can be useful, as they help to identify concomitant diseases.Such procedures as cystoscopy, urodynamic study, uroflowography (study of high -speed parameters of urine through urethra), MRI are performed.Cistoscopy is a type of endoscopic examination.It helps to identify stones and neoplasms in the bladder, as well as take a biopath for analysis.Cystitis must be differentiated from diseases such as the tumors of the bladder and prostate gland.
Cystitis: what is it for men
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease, which consists in irritation and damage to the walls of the bladder.Cystitis is in reality women are more likely to suffer.Approximately 2-3 out of 10 representatives of the fair sex at least once in a life suffer from this disease.For male representatives, only 1% have cystitis in any form.In most cases, these are men over 45 years old.The difference in the frequency of diseases between the sexes is explained by physiological differences in the structure of their genitourinary organs.First of all, men have a very long and winding urethra.But the walls of the urethra are an extremely difficult obstacle to pathogenic microorganisms, since immune cells are active in them.In addition, in the male body, the hole of the urethra is very far from the anus, therefore, it is practically excluded to enter the channel of pathogenic microflora from the anus.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only from the outside through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of kidney or prostate diseases.Generally speaking, cystitis does not always have an infectious nature.However, if we are talking about infectious cystitis, then most often it is bacterial cystitis, less often - fungal.Even less often cystitis is caused by multicellular parasites.Most often, infectious cystitis occurs as a result of the action of E. coli (80%).The causative agents of the disease can also be:
- Pseudomonal stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gonococcus,
- chlamydia,
- Trichomonades,
- Mycoplasma.
Cystitis can be a complication of tuberculosis
Infectious cystitis caused by trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasmas, gonococci, koch sticks, is called specific.And non-specific cystitis is a disease caused by conditionally pathogenic bacteria that constantly amplifying in the body.The infrequent varieties of cystitis are those caused by purple, actinomycosis and schistosomosis.The path that pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder can be different.Depending on it, cystitis is divided into descending, rising, lymphogenous and hematogenous.The upward option of infection (from the urethra) in male patients is quite rare.Cystitis in men is most often downward (in the case of renal infection), as well as hematogenous and lymphogenic.There are also cystitis of non -infectious nature.They can be caused:
- operations or diagnostic procedures on the bladder;
- radiation effect on the body, for example, with radiation therapy of the prostate gland;
- injuries of the bladder by foreign bodies, for example, stones;
- chemicals that are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the bubble.
Also, cystites are divided into primary and secondary.In the first case, the disease begins on its own, directly in the bladder.In the second-cystitis is caused by some other pathological processes in the body.Secondary cystitis, in turn, are divided into cystitis of intrauffic and extraordinary origin.For example, stones in the bladder and neoplasms of this organ are intracular causes, and diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis) are extracurricular.If the area of inflammation is the urinary triangle, then such cystitis is called trigonite.Also, depending on the location of inflammation, cervical and diffuse cystitis are secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation is observed on the neck of the bladder.The diffuse form of the disease is manifested in inflammation of the entire wall of the organ.Depending on how much the wall of the bubble is struck, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- catarrhal,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcerative,
- phlegmonous,
- gangrenous.
The lightest shape, affecting only the surface layers of the walls, is catarrhal.In case of gangrenous form, the pathological process leads to the necrotic of the walls.To determine the degree of disease, cystoscopy is used with subsequent biopsy.Factors contributing to the appearance of cystitis in men:
- hypothermia of the body;
- reduction of immunity;
- stress;
- Conscious delayed urine, rare emptying of the bladder;
- kidney diseases, prostate;
- non -compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- diseases accompanied by the occurrence of foci of infection (tonsillitis, sinusitis, furunculosis, dental diseases, etc.);
- spine injuries;
- diabetes mellitus;
- Alcohol abuse.
Complications of cystitis can be paicyistic (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder), pyelonephritis, sclerosis of the walls of the bladder, perforation of the walls of the bubble, inflammation of the kidneys (as a result of bubble reflux reflux).
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment is carried out, as a rule, at home.A direction to a hospital in acute cystitis is possible if a hemorrhagic or gangrenous form of the disease develops or an acute urinary retention is observed.Cystitis treatment methods are mainly drugs.Although other techniques can be used, for example, physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic and laser therapy, dirt), rinsing of the bladder with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is accompanied by high temperature, then the patient needs bed rest.The attachment of heat to the area of the groin (with the exception of hemorrhagic and tuberculosis cystitis) is shown.
An important element of treatment is a diet.The patient is contraindicated in salty, fatty, fried, acute and acidic food, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretics.Many vegetables and fruits have such properties: watermelon, melon, cherries, cucumbers.Apples, cranberry and lingonberry fruit drinks are also recommended - they increase the anti -adhesive properties of the mucous membrane of the bladder, that is, make it difficult to attach bacteria to the walls of the bubble.Phytocha and lingonberries have undoubted benefits.It is important not to forget about a plentiful drink - the patient should drink at least 2 liters of pure water per day.During the exacerbation of cystitis, it is recommended to abandon smoking.Surgical treatment is used in case of gangrenous cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by prostate adenoma.
Medicine for the treatment of male cystitis
Drug therapy can be etiotropic, or symptomatic.Etiotropic therapy is aimed at counteracting pathogenic organisms - pathogens of the disease.The aim of symptomatic treatment is to relieve unpleasant symptoms - pain and spasm.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, then a course of taking antibiotics is needed.Most often used drugs of the fluoroquinolone group. The duration of admission is usually a week.Before choosing an antibiotic therapy scheme, it is necessary to conduct a study on the type of pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics.Preparations with plant anti -inflammatory and antibacterial components, grassy grass, a decoction of horsetail and St. John's wort are also often used.Another class of drugs used for the disease is antispasmodics that help relieve spasms and caused by pain.To reduce the symptoms of pain and inflammation, NSAIDs are also used.With severe pains, novocaine blockades are used.It is also recommended to take vitamins - to increase the resistance of the body of infection.
Prevention
The fact that men are relatively rarely suffering from cystitis does not mean that representatives of the strong half of humanity should not be kept in the mind of the occurrence of this disease, not only very unpleasant and significantly reducing the quality of life, but also potentially fatal in the absence of proper therapy (from gangrenous cystitis, for example, Emperor Peter I).However, preventive measures are simple - you should monitor the personal hygiene, the level of immunity, avoid hypothermia, regularly go to the toilet, avoid urinary stagnation, cure infectious diseases in time that can create foci of infection - sinusitis, pulpites and tonsillitis, regularly visit the urologist and andrologists.